in History from Georgia State University. Top-ranking priests from Tenochtitlan were awarded the name of Quetzalcoatl, and Aztec leaders, upon coming into power, were obliged to first worship at the temple at Cholula (Florescano 2001, p.237). You have graciously arrived, you have known pain, you have known weariness, now come on earth, take your rest, enter into your palace, rest your limbs; may our lords come on earth. Note the human for scale. His name became one of veneration. They are widely perceived to have spread an active cult of Quetzalcoatl as far south as El Salvador.Parallel to this historic account of Toltec civilization, the Aztecs recorded the myth that the Toltecs were led by a charismatic priest, Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl (1 Reed Our Lord Quetzalcoatl) (pic 3). Quetzalcatl fue uno de los dioses ms importantes de la antigua Mesoamrica, el dios conocido como la Serpiente Emplumada es una mezcla de serpiente de cascabel y pjaro y su nombre es una combinacin de las palabras en nhuatl para el quetzal. In the afterword, we explore the reasons for his departure, the Chichimec origin of the Toltecs, and we introduced the Nonoalcas. Historians debate to what degree, or whether at all, these narratives about this legendary Toltec ruler describe historical events. Donna Rosenberg - Quetzalcoatl | Genius Were building the worlds most authoritative, online mythology resource, with engaging, accessible content that is both educational and compelling to read. From her wound burst beautiful flowers that the bat took to the lord of the underworld, Mictlantecuhtli, who bathed them in the water of his subterranean rivers and perfumed the blossoms.Many other creation myths revolve around Quetzalcoatl, some including the creation of the maguey plant, and the discovery of corn (follow the link below). The archaeological record shows that after the fall of Teotihuacan that marked the beginning of the epi-classic period in Mesoamerican chronology around 600 AD, the cult of the feathered serpent spread to new religious and political centers in central Mexico, centers such as Xochicalco, Cacaxtla and Cholula. Quetzalcoatl a Mesoamerican statuary type depicting a fallen warrior on his back with a receptacle on his chest for sacrificial offerings chacmool -Olmec colossal head -La Venta, Mexico -Early Americas (1st millennium BCE) -Basalt [citation needed], In the Codex Chimalpopoca, it is said Quetzalcoatl was coerced by Tezcatlipoca into becoming drunk on pulque, cavorting with his older sister, Quetzalpetlatl, a celibate priestess, and neglecting their religious duties. Well, legend has it that the cocoa tree was taken from a sacred mountain by the feathered-serpent deity Quetzalcoatl. [8] In his form as the morning star, Venus, he is also depicted as a harpy eagle. In an effort to further trick Mictlantecuhtli, Quetzalcoatl told him that he would leave Mictlan without the bones. And over the North presides the Black Tezcatlipoca, known by no other name than Tezcatlipoca, the god of judgment, night, deceit, sorcery and the Earth. It has been suggested that these stories recall the spread of the feathered-serpent cult in the epi-classic and early post-classic periods.[12]. Where others had approached this problem with their brute strength, Quetzalcoatl chose to rely on his sharp mind. Quetzalcoatl as depicted in the 16th-century Codex Borbonicus. Other legends posited that Quetzalcoatl was the son of the goddess Chimalma. Quetzalcoatl.Wikipedia. The earliest known iconographic depiction of the deity appears on Stela 19 at the Olmec site of La Venta. Kay Almere Read and Jason J. Gonzalez,Handbook of Mesoamerican Mythology(Oxford: ABC-CLIO, 2000), 225. A typical portrayal of the Feathered Serpent. The name of theKiche Maya deity Ququmatzmeant Quetzal Serpent while theYucatec Maya god Kukulkantranslated to the less specific Feathered Serpent.. [1]Depictions of the Feathered Serpent usually took the form of a carved snake head placed upon a wall, with further relief carvings depicting feathers or birds. crumbl cookies political donations quetzalcoatl offerings quetzalcoatl offerings (No Ratings Yet) . TOEFL Practice Test Reading 2 | PDF - Scribd Quetzalcoatl, however, had feathers and this made him an altogether different being. Later, Xavier and the Aztecs summon Quetzalcoatl in his mortal form and wind up angering him after cutting him open. Quetzalcoatls actions successfully tricked Mictlantecuhtli into giving him the bones. Dated to around 900 BC, it depicts a serpent rising up behind a person probably engaged in a shamanic ritual. Under his guidance, the capital city of Tula became incredibly prosperous. In the Maya area he was approximately equivalent to Kukulkan and Gukumatz, names that also roughly translate as "feathered serpent" in different Mayan languages. Our proposal is XICOME: The Call of Quetzalcoatl, offering a message of peace and hope from Mexico and unify the Sacred Fires in an intercultural alliance with the Nations of England. Legend says that Ce Acatl Topiltzin and the Toltecs left Tula after being tricked and shamed by Quetzalcoatls brother, the deity Tezcatlipoca. Quetzalcoatlhe was the wind, the guide and road sweeper of the rain gods, of the masters of the water, of those who brought rain. The bottom left-hand symbol is for wind. During this festival, Xochiquetzal was "honored with flower offerings, drinking, and . District Artem on Instagram: " was one of several important related to the belief in a sky-, Venus-, creator-, war- and fertility-related serpent deity. Xochiquetzal: A Complete Guide to the Aztec Goddess (2022) Powers: As we know from stories of old, Quetzalcoatls physical powers and intelligence knew no bounds. Serpent mask of Quetzalcoatl or Tlaloc (article) | Khan Academy [10], The earliest known documentation of the worship of a Feathered Serpent occurs in Teotihuacan in the first century BC or first century AD. Aztec religion, the religion followed by the Aztecs, a Nahuatl-speaking people who ruled a large empire in central and southern Mexico in the 15th and early 16th centuries. Were building the worlds most authoritative, online mythology resource, with engaging, accessible content that is both educational and compelling to read. No circulation issues were produced in 1983. Quetzalcoatl. Mythopedia, 24 Jan. 2023. https://mythopedia.com/topics/quetzalcoatl. Quetzalcoatl was a large man. Quetzalcoatl remained a potent figure well after the Spanish had conquered the New World. In the episode "Damnesia You," Xavier winds up in the Aztec world and is immediately (and unsuccessfully) sacrificed for insulting the Sun God, and during the sacrifice the Aztecs humorously fail to pronounce his name. Quetzelcoatl also appeared on (Season 3) of the Animal Planet mockumentary Lost Tapes in an episode entitled "Q the Serpent God". Omissions? Starting around 1200CE, the manner in which Quetzalcoatl was depicted began to change. The Feathered Snake symbol is a beautiful juxtaposition of the earthly serpent of immortality and the Heavenly bird of Spirit. [38] Some Franciscans at this time held millennarian beliefs[39] and some of them believed that Corts' coming to the New World ushered in the final era of evangelization before the coming of the millennium. He was a patron of many crafts such as writing, and metal and stone work and represented workers of these crafts. Corrections? Used for divination, these documents were called Tonalamame (sing. I had a few curious questions to ask the forum. Quetzalcoatl was often represented as the life-giving wind, with a beak or mask protruding from his face. The conch shell is symbolic of the ancestral bones from which Quetzalcoatl created humankind as we know it. Captain Planet - Quetzalcoatl Offering - YouTube Aztec statue of a man holding a cocoa pod . Considered by some to be Quetzalcoatls double, assistant or twin, Xolotl aided Quetzalcoatl when he descended to the Mictlan to recover the bones of humankind. The return of Topiltzin-Quetzalcoatl, who had departed to the east by sea, certainly seemed like a possibility to the Aztec nobility as they considered the arrival of these seafaring newcomers. "[17], Quetzalcoatl also became linked with rulership and priestly office; additionally, among the Toltec, the name was used as a military title and its representation as an emblem. Some followers of the Latter Day Saints movement believe that Quetzalcoatl was historically Jesus Christ, who Latter-day Saints believe visited the New World as a resurrected being as reported in the Book of Mormon, but believe his name and the details of the event were gradually lost over time. His calendrical name was 9 Wind.Parents: The dual creator Ometeotl (Two Lord), also known as Ometecuhtli and Omecihuatl (Two Lord and Two Lady)Siblings: Tezcatlipoca and Camaxtle. It is uncertain what happened next. Quetzalcatl - Qu es?, caractersticas, mitos y ms many, he became a god. The legend of Quetzalcoatl is spoofed in the Adult Swim CGI series Xavier: Renegade Angel. Copyright: imagesofanthropology.com(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 3: The legendary priest, Ce Acatl Topilltzin Quetzalcoatl in a blood-letting ceremony. The gods sent the bat to bite out the vulva of the young goddess Xochiquetzal, from which they grew nasty-smelling flowers to present to Mictlantecuhtli. Represented as the plumed serpent, Quetzalcoatl was also seen as manifest in the wind, one of the most powerful forces of nature; a text in the Nahuatl language captures this relationship: Quetzalcoatl; yn ehecatl ynteiacancauh yntlachpancauh in tlaloque, yn aoaque, yn qujqujiauhti. Steps: Heat the oil in a large pot over medium heat, and cook the onion and garlic until tender. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. (Many academics conclude this passage implies incest.) In Aztec culture, depictions of Quetzalcoatl were fully anthropomorphic. The pressure of the northern immigrants brought about a social and religious revolution, with a military ruling class seizing power from the priests. Though he originated as a vegetation god, Quetzalcoatl's role in the Aztec mythos expanded over time. Quetzalcoatl and either Huitzilopochtli or Tezcatlipoca (depending upon the myth) were responsible for the creation of the cosmos. Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl, the Priest, Quetzalcoatl-Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli, the Morning Star. In this period the deity is known to have been named Quetzalchutl by his Nahua followers. Among the Aztecs, it was related to wind, Venus, Sun, merchants, arts, crafts, knowledge, and learning. He first donned bird-like features in the Olmec period (1400-400 BC), becoming a Quetzal-feathered Serpent in the Classic period (200-900 AD), long before the Aztecs were around (1325-1521 AD). To console the spirit of Cipactli the gods promised her human hearts and blood in appeasement. The date 9 Wind is known to be associated with fertility, Venus and war among the Maya and frequently occurs in relation to Quetzalcoatl in other Mesoamerican cultures. In the era following the 16th-century Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, a number of records conflated Quetzalcoatl with Ce Acatl Topiltzin, a ruler of the mythico-historic city of Tollan. The first keeper of written records, he was patron of the Calmecac, a school for noble children who learned to paint histories and astrology, as well as practice the art of war. In Nhuatl, the word Xolotl was often associated with the concept of twins and physical deformity, so statues of the deity often portray a dog with twin heads, or ragged ears and running sores. Colonial documentary sources from the Maya area frequently speak of the arrival of foreigners from the central Mexican plateau, often led by a man whose name translates as "Feathered Serpent". Aztec religion was syncretistic, absorbing elements from many other Mesoamerican cultures. The Legend of Maize Quetzalcoatl and the Corn Plant.Inside Mexico, May 10, 2017. The business-strike 5 Pesos featuring the stone head of Quetzalcoatl was a mass-production issue that was produced from 1980 until 1985. Did Motecuhzoma really think Corts was a god? Quetzalcoatl is also said to have invented the calendar and discovered maize, two important features of the Aztec civilization. Serpent mask of Quetzalcoatl or Tlaloc Mosaic mask of Tezcatlipoca The House of the Eagles, and sculptures of Mictlantecuhtli and Eagle Warrior . Why did Quetzalcoatl have so many guises?We know him as the Plumed Serpent but Quetzalcoatl was so much more! Archived post. Copyright: Museo Nacional de Antropologa(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 2: Feathered Serpent at Teotihuacan. According to another version, he embarked upon a raft made of snakes and disappeared beyond the eastern horizon. In his guise as Ehecatl-Quetzlcoatl, Lord of the Winds, he values the breath and air. (1), Toci - an aspect of the Great Mother Earth Goddess, Pic 1: Re-creation of mural at Cacaxtla. 1,800-Year-Old Botanical Offering to the Feathered Serpent Centeotl - The Aztec God (or Goddess) of Maize - ThoughtCo Recipes and Ramblings From Life on the Farm quetzalcoatl offerings - morris-industrial.com He gave people maize corn, their staff of life: it had previously been hidden away. . Eric. Quetzalcoatl was also the patron of the priests and the title of the twin Aztec high priests. Many thousands of hydrocarbon compounds are Possible cause (A) the petrotenm products vary greaily in physival a (B) complicated refining processes rearrange the structure (C) the two atoms in the molecule assume Many positions (D) the pressure needed to force it to the surface moiecuiar transtormation 34. Much of the idea of Corts being seen as a deity can be traced back to the Florentine Codex written down some 50 years after the conquest. As the god of learning, of writing, and of books, Quetzalcatl was particularly venerated in the calmecac, religious colleges annexed to the temples, in which the future priests and the sons of the nobility were educated. He never offered human victims, only snakes, birds, and butterflies. Experts give their opinions on the Spanish Conquest, Nahuatl surnames that still exist from Aztec times, Aztec Women: Capable Partners and Cosmic Enemies, Short introduction to Mexica/Aztec religion, Do you know the names of all the Aztec gods?, What happened to the Aztec gods after the Conquest? [9] In Mazatec legends the astrologer deity Tlahuizcalpanteuctli, who is also represented by Venus, bears a close relationship with Quetzalcoatl. They maintained a major pilgrimage and commercial center at Cholula, Puebla which the Spaniards compared to both Rome and Mecca because the cult of the god united its constituents through a field of common social, political, and religious values without dominating them militarily. 23 - Pre Columbian Narratives. On the right hand side is Quetzalcoatl-Ehcatl.Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli served as patron deity of astrological knowledge and was of profound importance in religious books in the Central Highlands and Oaxaca. In the Codex's description of the first meeting between Moctezuma and Corts, the Aztec ruler is described as giving a prepared speech in classical oratorial Nahuatl, a speech which, as described in the codex written by the Franciscan Bernardino de Sahagn and his Tlatelolcan informants, included such prostrate declarations of divine or near-divine admiration as: You have graciously come on earth, you have graciously approached your water, your high place of Mexico, you have come down to your mat, your throne, which I have briefly kept for you, I who used to keep it for you. 116 (June 1884), 618. And what I want to do is find things that would represent a unique contribution to the world - the contribution that only I, and my portfolio of talents, can make happen. There are several stories about the birth of Quetzalcoatl. After he was born, he and his family waited 600 years for his youngest brother, Huitzilopochtli (who was born without flesh), to join them in the process of cosmic construction. He proceeded to turn himself into a black ant and followed the other ants over the mountains. Templo Mayor at Tenochtitlan, the Coyolxauhqui Stone, and an Olmec Mask Taylor, John. Topiltzin-Quetzalcoatl maintained order across his domain and even eschewed the practice of human sacrifice. Some versions held that Quetzalcoatl cremated himself; others stated that he spent eight days in the underworld before reemerging as Venus or the morning star. New York: Harper Collins Publisher, 1990. A Patron of ManyThe Aztecs inherited the Toltec belief that Quetzalcoatl had a plethora of skills. Mexico's flagship airline Aeromxico has a Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner painted in a special Quetzalcoatl livery. The 1981 has a listed mintage of 30,500,000, and the 1982 with a mintage of 20,000,000. 5D's, Beyblade: Metal Fusion, Fate/Grand Order - Absolute Demonic Front: Babylonia and Miss Kobayashi's Dragon Maid (the latter two depicting Quetzalcoatl as a female dragon deity); the Megami Tensei video game franchise; the video games Fate/Grand Order, Final Fantasy VIII, Final Fantasy XV, Sanitarium, Smite (as an alternate costume for his Mayan counterpart, Kukulkan), and Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine; as the main antagonist in the Star Trek: The Animated Series episode "How Sharper Than a Serpent's Tooth"; and in The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel books. QUETZALCOATL. Quetzalcoatl. The chacmool was a very important religious tool used during sacrifices. The myth reports that during the 5th Sun, Quetzalcoatl spotted a red ant carrying a maize kernel.He followed the ant and reached the place where maize grew, the "Mountain of Sustenance", or Tonacatepetl (Ton-ah-cah-TEP-eh-tel) in Nahua. Quetzalcoatls name, which means Feathered Serpent, was derived from the Nahuatl words for thequetzal birdand coatl, meaning serpent. After his eventual escape, Quetzalcoatl combined the now slightly shuffled bones with his blood and corn to create the first humans of the fifth age. In this legend, Mixcoatl shot at Chimalma for spurning his advances. Quetzalcoatl became a representation of the rain, the celestial water and their associated winds, while Tlaloc would be the god of earthly water, the water in lakes, caverns and rivers, and also of vegetation. With this appendage he was able to sweep the roads clean before the arrival of the rain gods (pic 5). Latter-day Saint author Brant Gardner, after investigating the link between Quetzalcoatl and Jesus, concluded that the association amounts to nothing more than folklore. But the god of the night sky, Tezcatlipoca, expelled him from Tula by performing feats of black magic. Quetzalcoatl.Encyclopdia Britannica. Powers of the Aztec god Tezcatlipoca As one of the Aztec religion's main deities, Tezcatlipoca was thought to be extremely powerful. stanley burrell marcy projects brooklyn Quetzalcoatl-Ehcatl the RoadsweeperThe Aztecs believed that Quetzalcoatl was one of four creators made by the divine dual couple, Ometeotl. And when the wind rose, when the dust rumbled, and it crack and there was a great din, became it became dark and the wind blew in many directions, and it thundered; then it was said: "[Quetzalcoatl] is wrathful. quetzalcoatl offerings Quetzalcoatl: The Feathered Serpent Deity of Ancient Mesoamerica While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Place of devotion: Offerings were regularly presented to Quetzalcoatl in Tenochtitlan, but he was also celebrated in other cities like Cholula and Chichn Itz. Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca were brothers in divine myths, where they worked together as creators, and against each other in acts of destruction. Franciscans then equated the original Quetzalcoatl with Thomas and imagined that the Indians had long-awaited his return to take part once again in God's kingdom. The Aztec believed that the heart ( tona) was both the seat of the individual and a fragment of the Sun's heat ( istli ). [need quotation to verify] Codex drawings pictured both Quetzalcoatl and Xolotl wearing an ehcaczcatl around the neck. Accessed on 28 Apr. He was also occasionally used as a symbol of death and resurrection. A deep pit appeared before Quetzalcoatl, preventing his escape. In Xochicalco, depictions of the feathered serpent accompany the image of a seated, armed ruler and the hieroglyph for the day sign 9 Wind. Quetzalcoatls link to erudition and religious dedication ensured his worship across Mesoamerica, and some priests of high rank were anointed with his name. Over the South presides the Blue Tezcatlipoca, Huitzilopochtli, the god of war. Entwined in the annals of history, both god and historical figure became one. ( Public Domain ) Lakes of mercury, jewel-eyed figures, solid-jade masks, and necklaces beaded with human teeth. Mictlantecuhtli would only give the bones to Quetzalcoatl if he could create a sound by blowing into a conch shell with no holes in it. He was a creator deity having contributed essentially to the creation of mankind. In her human form, Quetzalcoatl is a tall, fair-skinned and hour-glass woman with enormously large breasts. Under the guise of wind, he was called Quetzalcoatl-Ehcatl and was considered a great cultural hero. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Thank you all for your time, I hope you all have a great day. The high priests taught the people that the sun would shine, the crops would grow, and the empire would prosper only if the gods were appeased by human sacrifices and blood offerings from all levels of their society. With this appendage he was able to sweep the roads clean before the arrival of the rain gods (pic 5). Quetzalcoatl was instrumental in creating people to populate thefifth age. Over time, Quetzalcoatl's appearance, clothing, malevolent nature, and status among the gods were reshaped to fit a more Christian framework. First discovered in 1971,Quetzalcoatlusstood nearly 10 feet tall and had a wingspan of at least 36 feet. Quetzalcoatl was often represented as the life-giving wind, with a beak or mask protruding from his face. This man and woman had a son named Pilcetecli. In general, he is considered the god of wisdom, the god of the Aztec ritual calendar, the god of corn and maize, and oftentimes a symbol of death and resurrection. [30], He is also attributed with having brought the cacao plant from a sacred mountain to the Toltec people, teaching the women how to make traditional drinking chocolate.[31]. At that time Quetzalcatl seems to have been conceived as a vegetation godan earth and water deity closely associated with the rain god Tlaloc. No accounts written by the Aztecs agree with Corts and his men, and Professor Felipe Fernndez-Armesto tells us why (follow the link below), This article was uploaded to the Mexicolore website on Aug 31st 2013, (Written/compiled by Julia Flood/Mexicolore). Yet another version of this tale had Quetzalcoatl parting the sea and leading his followers in a march along the ocean floor. . commerce bank routing number kansas . Historian Matthew Restall concludes that: The legend of the returning lords, originated during the Spanish-Mexica war in Corts' reworking of Moctezuma's welcome speech, had by the 1550s merged with the Corts-as-Quetzalcoatl legend that the Franciscans had started spreading in the 1530s. Quetzalcoatl | Encyclopedia.com From the smoking remains rose the morning star, Venus, who is represented by Quetzalcoatl in his guise of Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli. It is centered on the Plaza de las Tres Culturas.On one side of the square is this excavated Tlatelolco site, on a second is the oldest European school of higher learning in the Americas called the Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco, and on the . This link to Europe was embraced by 17th-century Mexican nationalists because it meant that their cultural heritage pre-dated Spanish influence.[11]. She has long, wavy blonde hair, in the anime her hair takes on a turquoise and green color at the ends. These carvings also included a conch shell, which was a symbol of the wind. In Mesoamerican history, many different ethnopolitical groups worshiped a feathered-serpent deity.

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